CAUSES OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Causes of Human Trafficking

 Local factor

Human trafficking can be explained into two major causes such as local causes and international causes. In the area of local factors, abject poverty especially among women, a lack of political, social and economical stability are the few factors in the area of local factors. Besides that, a lack of reasonable and realistic prospects, situations of armed conflict and oppression, domestic violence and disintegration of the family structure also the other factors in local factors. Moreover, gender discrimination, lack of access to education and information and the HIV-AIDS reality can be explained into local factors. Lack of access to education and information is when the individual not concerns about how important other human beings to another. Gender discrimination is also the causes that make another gender that is male or female to be stressed out with the situation that happens among them. Domestic violence and disintegration of the family structure can be explained when the problems occur in community give a problem to another human beings and family members have to show more love and alert about their children.

Universal Factors.

Universal factors  such as even more limits and obstacles to legal migration channels to countries with stronger economies and regions with better prospects, a lack of public awareness of the dangers of trafficking, the high profit potential for those engaged in the criminal activity, the sophisticated organisation, resources and networking capacity of criminal networks, a lack of effective anti-trafficking legislation, and if such legislation exists, a lack of effective enforcement, global economic policies that foster exclusion of marginalised people, disintegration of social protection networks, widespread corruption in countries of origin, of transit and of destination among the persons capable or responsible to combat trafficking. A lack of effective anti-trafficking legislation is one of the important factors because a good system should be provided by government to overcome this human trafficking to be happened. Besides that, a lack of effective enforcement by the authority gives us a major problems and this will not give a full stop to this problems. Government and the society should be united to solve this sophistic issue.

There are few countries that we can take an example of the issue of human trafficking such as in Burma. The military junta’s gross economic mismanagement, human rights abuses, and its policy of using forced labour are the top causal factors for Burma’s significant trafficking problem. The official ban on overland emigration of most young women drives some seeking to leave the country into the hands of “travel facilitators,” who may have ties with traffickers. Besides that, the lacks of job opportunities and higher incomes have also pushed Burmese to migrate into one of its five neighbouring countries. This situation has created an opportunity for traffickers to lure the victims to other countries with false premises.

Malaysia is a destination country for a significant number of men women, and children who are trafficked from Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, Cambodia, Vietnam, Burma, and the People's Republic of China (P.R.C.), India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Pakistan for sexual and labour exploitation. Many victims voluntarily migrate to Malaysia to work in factories, construction and agricultural sectors, or as domestic servants, but are later coerced into debt bondage or involuntary servitude. The Malaysian NGO, Tenaganita reported that 65 percent of the trafficking victims in Malaysia are for forced labour.

In Indonesia, UNICEF argues that the lack of birth registration increases the vulnerability to trafficking. About 60 percent of children who are under five years old do not have birth certificates; about half are not registered anywhere.

STATISTICS ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING

• An estimated 27 million people are held in slavery worldwide, meaning there are more slaves in the world than were taken from Africa during 300 years of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. 
• More slaves alive now than at any other time in history.
• After drug trafficking, human trafficking is tied with the illegal arms trade as the second largest criminal industry in the world, and it is the fastest growing. (hhs)
• Approximately 800,000 to 900,000 victims annually trafficked across international borders worldwide. (Dept of State)
• The average price of individual slaves is less than a new cell phone or about $90. (nfs)
• By 2010, Human Trafficking will be the # 1 crime worldwide. (Dept of State)
• Every 10 minutes, one person is trafficked into the U.S. Around the World, a victim is exploited every minute.
• Each year, more than 1 million children are exploited in the global commercial sex trade.
• Approximately 80 percent are women and girls and up to 50 percent are minors. (Dept of State)
• The majority of transnational victims are trafficked into commercial sexual exploitation. (Dept. of State)
• Between 18,000 and 20,000 victims trafficked into United States annually. Many who work with this issue believe this number is considerably higher.
• In the United States alone, it is estimated that there are 200,000 slaves.
• More than half of victims trafficked into United States are thought to be children; victims are probably about equally women and men. (hhs)
• Victims can be trafficked into the U.S. from anywhere in the world. Victims have come from Africa, Asia, India, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Russia, and Canada and many other locations. (hhs)
• 13 is the average age of entry into pornography and prostitution in the USA. (FBI)
• 100,000 to 300,000 children in America are at risk for sex trafficking each year.
• As many as 2.8 million children live on the streets, a third of whom are lured into prostitution within 48 hours of leaving home.
• After drug dealing, human trafficking is tied with the illegal arms trade as the second largest criminal industry in the world, and it is the fastest growing. (hhs) 

Additional human trafficking statistic in the united states of america

human trafficking world  map

male human trafficking in united states of america

WAYS TO OVERCOME HUMAN TRAFFICKING

When the issue increase on in our community part either in Malaysia or as international issue, it is mean that, we need to find the best solution for it, to make our life, our community live in harmony. As we know, this issue has been started a couple years back and become seriously increase when the world facing the globalization, thus many kind of thing appear out rapidly. Actually the growing of globalization can give us good and also the bad thing that we cannot expect it to be. The issue come out from globalization is like the human trafficking issue. It is also can be classify as an international crime by people who are involve in many thing that globalization brings such as the technologies, for example widely communication within many country around the world. In this situation, the criminal can be easily communicated up with the other group in such as many different countries to deal. Here, we want to state that, the growing of globalization have been cause many serious issue and international crime that relate with our life. If we manage to handle it, our life could be more interesting.

The solution for the human trafficking issue can be in many various way and type. But the solution must be strong enough to prevent and bring the human trafficking criminal to justice. As we know that, in many countries, government act as an institution of making rule and regulation. Rule and regulation can be made as a way to overcome the human trafficking issue. To make it more effective, law enforcement can be done by our security department such as police, and also with monitoring by Ministry of Home Affairs. It is because the law enforcement is the best solution to preventing this issue from rising up more. Police and The Ministry of Home Affairs can join up together with General Operation Force (PGA) and some more institution like Immigration Department of Malaysia to keep watch the activities in many areas like airports. It is because, the human trafficking criminal can do this crime at anytime without no one realize about it. The group are very smart and cunning in doing their task, so, the best way also, we can train up our security level to a higher level and equip them with a new brand of weapons, and telecommunication equipment to make them easier to transfer data of the criminal and communicate among them.

At the same time also, what we can do is to reform a new policy so it can be more relevant with the current situation. It is because, our policy had been made during our country demand the independence from the British Colonist, and so it might be possible that the policy is not relevant anymore in our new life and current issue. The policy makers should be more comprehensive doing the policy to make sure that it will suite the local citizens and to ensure that the human trafficking criminal cannot escape from their wrong doing. Mean time, our national leaders could also sit up together and find the best solution, discuss about how to improve our security act and solve this issue with the leaders from various country that involve in this crime. It is also possible if the new policy can overcome this crime. Opinions from local citizens and other country can be the solution also because we can help the government to overcome this serious crime

Moreover, to make this crime did not boost up more; the government can equip many new things that can improve our security level. For example, to set up Closed-circuit television (CCTV) that use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. It transfers the image about what exactly happen on the current time. CCTV is often used for surveillance in areas that may need monitoring such as banks, casinos, airports, military installations, and convenience stores. At the same time, the government also need to set up the CCTV in many new hotspots that are high possibility crimes will happen. So, the CCTV must be a good and the quality should be the priority to get the clear view about what the criminal do, and it could be the strong evidence in court to charge them. Fingerprints reader would be more effective with the face detection camera unit at many areas such as airports, and it can detect the criminal even though they have changed their passport identity.

Non Government Organization (NGO) should take their part to overcome this human trafficking issue. For example, NGO’s can organize more campaign to citizens on how to protect themselves from being cheated by those criminal. The NGO’s can join up together with the mass media such as television, radio, newspaper and also the internet to educate community about human-trade information. The NGO’s should be closer with the government in the parliamentary to discuss the solution for it. NGO’s also should not strive for the environmental issues solely, but the humanities issue are also the important issue now. People who are not high well education, will easily get cheated by luxury life, so, they are willing to get abroad to the new country to get job, and money for their expenses. They won’t realize that they can be cheated easily, so, this people need guidance. People those who were saved from becoming the slave in various activities, are homeless, and they have nothing in the new country. So, NGO’s also can start a new life for them, by conducting financial fund. The contribution will help to protect the victims by providing them a shelters, cloths, food and others basic things that they need. Motivation is the most important things and they really need it to gain back their hopes. We also can help the NGO’s by be volunteers in welfare organizations to help the victims.

CONCLUSION

The human trafficking issues is a humanities issue which usually occurs in backward countries where it involves the poor exploited by those who initially promised income if they been accepted for work place and in accordance with the sector and where they live and narrowness needed. The poor usually have complex financial problems, and this makes them willing to place themselves in anywhere without investigating the background and basic information that what will be their job. Furthermore, they are also lack of knowledge because ignorance about their rights and the importance of understanding how to defend themselves from deceived cause they are unable to get out when hit by this problem. At the same time also, they are lack of exposure, and they are more easily cheated. Thus, measures the best solution is comprehensive, especially the involvement of government in formulating and drafting laws that can protect people from falling prey to problems. Moreover, the involvement of NGOs’ in helping the government solve this problem is appropriate and timely because the NGO’s can carry out the duties that can not be carried out by Government. This issue will only be done if all the emphasis and direct assistance whether in terms of moral and financial, and suggestions with combating this commercial crimes.